Types of drilling in mining pdf

The independent association of drilling contractors iadc has its own set of drilling contracts, and they are commonly used. The drill pattern is designed to cover off the ex tent of the ore in the stope. A typical large hydraulic deposit presents most of the sampling problems encountered in drift mines plus a. Introduction to drilling technology for surface mining prof. In preparing this article the attempt has been, not to cover the whole field of mining, but to describe the different methods of stoping and mining. The type of rock drill used in mining drilling is generally determined by the hole diameter required and the mechanical properties, principally hardness, of the rock. Mining is further divided into several other categories including room and pillar mining, slope mining, block caving, quarrying, openpit mining and in situ mining. The type of rock drill used in mining drilling is generally determined by the. Air drilling there are two main types of air drilling used to. There are five main types of surface mining that are used in various degrees and for different resources, including strip mining, openpit mining, mountaintop removal, dredging, and high wall mining.

A top hammer is commonly employed for drilling of holes less than 125 mm in diameter in all but the. Consequently, heavy and complex festoons and flowline systems are being added to allow the rig to walk 100 ft without rigging down. Surface mining involves stripping surface vegetation, dirt, bedrock and other layers of the earth to reach. Open pit mining mining methods 5 open pit mines are used to exploit low grade, shallow ore bodies. Types of drilling methods used in mining boring mining. The two main types of mining are surface mining and underground mining. Unesco eolss sample chapters civil engineering vol. Air drilling there are two main types of air drilling used to drill deeper holes, namely open hole percussion and reverse circulation rc. There are various kinds of oil wells with different functions.

Nsw mining po box h367 australia square nsw 1215 t 02 9274 1400. Heavy duty rigs drill holes from about 1200016000ft deep or 35005000m. Pdf drilling technology in mining industry researchgate. The components of a drill rig are 1 the rig itself, which supplies the power to mobilize, drill rock, and remove the drill cuttings from the hole. An introduction to rig types and basic drilling string. Drilling rigs can sample subsurface mineral deposits, test rock. Appropriate drilling methods rab early exploration first pass and infill drilling rc intermediate exploration delineate ore body grade control diamond late stage structural controls. A drilling rig is an integrated system that drills wells, such as oil or water wells, in the earths subsurface.

This publication is also available in digital format pdf online at. Examples of all three of these contracts are in the workbook. Auger bits are capable of drilling very large holes with ease and are designed only for drilling into thick, hard and dry timber. Oil extraction jobs are often similar to natural gas extraction jobs, and workers can be involved in recovering both because natural gas is sometimes mixed with oil. These drilling techniques are very similar in equipment to water bore drilling.

Drill type data advantages disadvantages marjoribanks, 1997. A major difference between onshore and offshore drilling is the type of the drilling platform. It is the most common drilling technique used for mining exploration, particularly in south america and australia. Types of drilling rigs rt3 iadc drilling manual plexity. Drilling and blasting an overview sciencedirect topics.

Drilling is a cutting process that uses a drill bit to cut a hole of circular crosssection in solid materials. Selection of the drilling pattern v aries with the type and size of the drill. Okubo encyclopedia of life support systems eolss figure 2. Rotary drilling rigs are used for most drilling operations today. Drillships use a ship type vessel as the primary structure to support the rig fig. Crushed stone and sand and gravel commonly are obtained from dry pits or quarries, but in some settings may be mined from waterfilled excavations using. These substances include metal compounds, nonminerals such as coal, sand, oil and natural gas and many other useful things. Within the mining, oil, and gas extraction industry, there are two types of employers. The materials from which bits are manufactured and the finishes applied to them play a significant role in the life and performance of the bit. This chapter is not meant to be an exhaustive narrative on each rig type, but strives to provide the reader with an overview of each. The mining rate is greater than 20,000 tonnes per day tpd but is usually much greater. Department of the interior, located in denver, colorado. Better fragmentation better displacement and swelling of muckpile, as burden b is kept almost uniform along length of blasthole and angle of projection of the blast increases refer fig below.

Drilling refers to the process of boring a hole through soil and rock to access geologic reservoirs that contain oil and gas. Drilling and drilling technology play a major role in the algerian mining industry. However, the mud system does not move with the mast and substructure, as with desert rigs. Drilling techniques for mining exploration equipment. In roomandpillar mining a series of parallel drifts are driven, with. There are two basic drilling methodspercussion and rotaryclassified in. Air drilling uses compressed air to drive a slowly rotating percussion drill bit, which operates in a similar manner to a jack. The hole is drilled by rotating a bit and applying a downward force. It will try to touch on the unique features of each rig type and their relative advantages and drawbacks. In a lot of manufacturing processes, one of the most indispensable machining tools is the drilling machine. There are four general types of the drilling machine which are the upright sensitive drilling machine, upright drilling machine, radial drilling machine, and the special purpose drilling machine. In this article we will discuss about the types of drilling methods used in mining.

Some pits operate at a rate of more than 100,000 tpd. Fixed structure types and floating structure types. Mining provides iron and copper for making aeroplanes, refrigerators. Also, in offshore drilling the drill pipe must pass through the water column before entering the.

Drill bit is then located by moving the radial arm and drill to the marked location. Introduction drilling is a metal cutting process carried out by a rotating cutting tool to make circular holes in solid materials. Mining companies recognise the need to improve analysis of site data, select appropriate tools and technologies, achieve higher fragmentation and improve exclusion zone management. The details of all publications are in the researchgate in full text pdf forms.

Pdf the fundamental problem in rock working is the breakage of. Hardrock room and pillar mining best practice industry. It may be a converted seagoing vessel or, as is common in recent years, it may be a new vessel constructed for drilling. Drilling rigs can be massive structures housing equipment used to drill water wells, oil wells, or natural gas extraction wells, or they can be small enough to be moved manually by one person and such are called augers. Mining is the process of taking mineral and other substances from the earth. These drilling machines are important tools that are used not only in drilling, but in counterboring, countersinking, tapping, and reaming as well. Light duty rigs drill holes from 30005000ft, or 1500m. Iadc drilling manual introduction this chapter will explain the various types of drilling rigs used today. The character of the ore may make it difficult to drill, yet because of the ease with which it breaks the total cost of drilling and blasting may be low. Tool which makes hole is called as drill bit or twist drill. Ultraheavy duty rigs drill holes from about 1800025000ft or more 55007500m or more.

The drill bit is usually a rotary cutting tool, often multipoint. This is a selfelevating rig, and is used for smaller, shallower offshore deposits. In bench blasting, inclined drilling extends numerous benefits. The bit is pressed against the workpiece and rotated at rates from hundreds to thousands of revolutions per minute. Most of the wells in the united states are drilled under one of the three major types of drilling contracts. Rc drilling is a form of percussion drilling, by which the rock is made to fail through the use of a piston that delivers rapid impacts to the drill stem, transferring energy to the drill bit. Change in production and productivity of us coal mines the higher productivity for open pit mining equipment also lowers costs. Ring drilling and blasting is done from a series of sub level drill drifts developed in the ore body.

Mining crushed stone generally requires drilling and blasting of solid bedrock also referred to as ledge or ledgerock, which breaks the rock into rubble of a size suitable for crushing. In this method which is the oldest one of drilling, the hole is drilled by striking a number at short in intervals on the rock. This forces the cutting edge against the workpiece, cutting off chips swarf from the hole as it is. Drilling is a process whereby a hole is bored using a drill bit to create a well for oil and natural gas production. Microsoft powerpoint 7 drilling for mining operations author. Medium duty rigs drill to depth ranging from about 40000ft or 120003000m. Who selects the type of drill rig and the hole diameter used in blasthole. Learn about the different types of drill bits so you can choose the right ones for your project and for the material youre drilling. The principal drilling methods used in mines today are mechanical ones in which a. The drilling personnel should orthodoxly follow the operating manual of the. Drilling can eventually lead to the entire resource being defined within the boundaries of a chosen cutoff grade e. The search for the land rig design that accommodates all. The drilling machine is commonly called a drill press and is responsible for drilling various sizes of holes in any surface area and to precise depths.